Lions' Teeth

Dandelions are suddenly everywhere!

Lining medians, popping out of cracks in the sidewalk, marching across suburban lawns...they are also carpeting apple orchard meadows, bucolic pastures and even mountainsides.

Weed? European interloper? Purists of all stripes abhor the humble "dent de lion" or teeth of the lion, so named for the tooth-y serrations of the plant's leaves. Perhaps the dent de lion should have been called the "criniere de lion," or lion's mane," for it's cheerful halo of yellow, so much like a cartoon lion's visage. 

Whatever you call it, it is largely vilified as a weed, unless you are four-years-old. If you are very young, and that much closer to the ground, the dandelion is one of the most accessible delights of spring.You can pick fistfuls of them forever. 

The stem produces a perplexing milky sap.The smell is nearly synonymous with the taste-- pungent, sharp, bitter but also compelling. Yes, kids always taste some part of the dandelion. The shaggy petals magnetize the eye with their color, which easily transfers to fingertips or chins. You can slide one behind your ear and become a princess. The stems of leggier lions can be tied together. You can adorn yourself with crowns and bracelets, or craft chains to bind your enemies-- if only temporarily. You can smash dandelions with rocks and grind them to paste. You can stick your thumb under the flower and shout, "Momma had a baby and her head popped off!" and flick the "head" under your friend's nose. You can watch ants climb in and out of the petals, so black against the dazzle of yellow. Yellow dandelions in green grass against blue sky-- this is a springtime poem for the soul.

Children live in the present with dandelions. If nothing else, their relationship is a lesson for the jaded adult:  pay attention, the world is right here, in your hand.

If this is not enough to make you put away your weed killer, consider a few compelling assets of our ubiquitous yellow friend:

• excellent food source for bees and other pollinators
• attract pollinators to the neighborhood, helping propagate your fruits and veggies
• ready food source for small mammals like "whistle pigs" (don't you love that name?)
• epicurean food source for humans:  young dandelion greens make a haute salad
• healthy food source for humans:  vitamins A, B, C, D, Iron, Zinc and Potassium
• antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, lowers blood sugar and pressure, reduces cholestreral
• roots can be dried and ground to make a drink like coffee
• flavorful base for easy, delicate spring time jam (lovely with butter on a warm baguette)
• ditto for simple syrup (very fine on vanilla ice cream & creative addition to adult beverage)
• ditto for wine (my Dad used to make dandelion wine, and my granny found if very fine)
• that milky latex in the stem can be used as a mosquito repellent!

If you want to celebrate spring with a romp and harvest, look before you leap. Do not harvest dandelions from lawns that have been treated with chemicals. And when you harvest, leave a few for our animal and insect friends.

A neighborhood dandelion safari with young friends is apt to please:

• Bring along some white paper and try "drawing" with dandelion heads. 
• Make crowns and chains. 
• Notice what happens to the picked flowers. 
• Dissect the dandelion and discover the waiting secret of the seeds. 
• Uproot a dandelion and admire the tenacious tap.
• Taste the dandelion and enjoy watching kids gag and make faces.
• All of these activities will wake you up to spring, and life.

If you are an adult travelling solo, take a moment to observe this humble weed. Admire the will to grow anywhere, the fine-tuning of evolution and opportunity. Notice who visits and when they do. What happens when the sun goes down? Watch one flower today, tomorrow and the next day. Smell it, taste it, touch it. Stick it in your pocket. You'll forget about it. But there will be more tomorrow.

Dandelion Simple Syrup

Harvest 20 dandelions

Discard stems, save leaves for salad, put flowers in a pot with 1 cup of water

Add 1 cup of sugar

Bring to boil and simmer for 10 minutes

Remove dandelion heads with slotted spoon

Keep simmering until sugar and water thicken to syrup of desired consistency

Pour over vanilla ice cream

*or pour syrup over ice, add shot of clear spirits, fill with club soda and garnish with fresh blossom.

Who Was Charles Whitman?

Charles Whitman was a boy who wasn't allowed to play.

No rough and tumble. No unstructured, unsupervised experimentation, risk or joy. No opportunity to parallel or collaboratively play with his peers, to test wills, to challenge himself or his peers physically, to play act violence, make mistakes, sustain eye contact, read body language or use his body to enact his imagination.

"On August 1, 1966, Charles Whitman climbed to the top of the University of Texas tower with three rifles, two pistols, and a sawed-off shotgun. The 25-year-old architectural engineering major and ex-Marine--who had previously complained of searing headaches and depression--had already murdered his mother, Margaret, and his wife, Kathy, earlier that morning...Hundreds of students, professors, tourists, and store clerks witnessed the 96-minute killing spree as they crouched behind trees, hid under desks, took cover in stairwells, or, if they had been hit, played dead...At the time there was no precedent for such a tragedy. Whitman introduced the nation to the idea of mass murder in a public space."

--Texas Monthly

Texas and the nation were shocked into action and Doctor Stuart Brown was ordered to assemble a team to figure out why or how Whitman had become a mass murderer. 

Today, Brown is the President of the National Institute for Play and the author of Play:  How it Shapes the Brain, Opens the Imagination, and Invigorates the Soul. His research on the causes of extreme violence began with Charles Whitman and what he and others discovered over subsequent decades reveals just how central play is to healthy human development, and healthy societies.

"...for a very intense period of time, in addition to doing very detailed toxicologic studies of his body, we retrieved as much information as possible from his prenatal area all the way up to the last hours before he died...one of the major conclusions, which struck me and has certainly stuck with me since, was that remarkably systematic suppression of any free play--which was largely the result of his father's overbearing and intense personality--prevented Charles Whitman from engaging in normal play at virtually any area of his life, including his early infancy."

--Stuart Brown, On Being interview

Brown and his team assumed that this finding was an aberration, so after securing funding they embarked on more research:

"...in the prison system in Texas, a team of us then studied all the young murderers whose crime was essentially homicide without their being career criminals..and we did an in-depth study of them, their families, and compared them to as well-matched a control and comparison population as we could. And, lo and behold, we discovered that the majority of them--in fact 90% level--had really bizarre, absent, deficient, seriously deviant play histories."

Play, it turns out, is not a frill, it is an imperative. We're not the only species who engage in it. Play research extends across all human societies and the animal kingdom, across all kinds of scientific disciplines:  neurology, sociology, psychology, psychiatry, biology and more. Jane Goodall and Stuart Brown and friends and colleagues-- Goodall's immersion in the play of chimps intersects with Brown's human research.

Another friend of Brown's, bear researcher, Bob Fagan says this:  "In a world continuously presenting unique challenges and ambiguity, play prepares them for an evolving planet."

Findings across this collective research and these disciplines reveal the major implications of play in human development.

Brown:  "...when you see animals who are deprived of [play], they are fixed and rigid in their responses to complex stimuli. They don't have a repertoire of choices that are as broad as their intelligence should allow them to have. And they don't seek out novelty and newness, which is part of an essential aspect of play, both in animals and humans."

Brown and his colleagues recognize the role of play in human evolution. If play teaches us how to respond to change, then we are more adaptable, increasing our chances of survival.

Brown:  "...for the last 200,000 years or so, our capacity as a species to adapt...appears to me to be related significantly to our capacity and, as developing creatures, to play. And then if you look more closely at the human being, you find that the human being really is designed biologically to play throughout the life cycle...when one really doesn't play at all or very little in adulthood, there are consequences:  rigidities, depression, lack of ability, no irony-- you know, things that are pretty important, that enable us to cope in a world of many demands."

So,what are the implications for youth development? Or rather, what about play isn't imperative to youth development?







Our culture places a pretty heavy emphasis on productivity and purpose. Play has a purpose, clearly, if you look a this research, but play is mostly considered a frill.  Here is an Oxford Dictionary definition, "to engage in activity or enjoyment and recreation rather than a serious or practical purpose."



Recess is disappearing and most stuff that passes as play is highly structured and hovered over by well-meaning, but worried parents. We want our kids to succeed and we want them to be safe. Turns out truly unstructured play IS key to healthy human development:

physical health

mental health

body regulation

stress mitigation

risk-taking

effectiveness on the job

creativity

imagination

professional innovation

healthy communication

healthy relationships

coping skills and alternatives to violence
promotion of peace and harmony

Parents, caregivers, teachers, mentors and youth advocates need to prioritize play-- for happier more successful individuals, and a safer society.

Brown and his colleagues agree that play should be an imperative for each of us, young or old, every day. Play takes many shapes and forms. To understand the role of play in young lives, we can reclaim it in our own.

How do you play? Here are some activities you might recognize, but play is personal:

hiking or walking

tickling your kid

telling jokes or stories

happy hour with a friend

swimming

cycling

reading

building a snowman

daydreaming
running with the bulls

dancing

listening to or playing music

yoga or meditation

writing

drawing

What puts you "outside of time," as Dr. Brown says, and frees you? 

Beautiful Why?

"Knowing the answers will help you in school. Knowing how to question will help you in LIFE."

Author Warren Berger asserts that "a more beautiful question = "the power of inquiry to spark breakthrough ideas."  Berger's book, A More Beautiful Question, his website and his blog posts support inquiry as a mode for life, positive growth and innovation.

Years of teaching, raising my own kids and enjoying life as a learner, have taught me again and again that inquiry is indeed a catalyst for innovation. And years of teaching and playing in nature, with and without children or adults, have taught me that nature is one of the best catalysts for inquiry out there. Get out there, be present, open your mind...and those beautiful questions start coming.

Here is a beautiful question I've been asked over the years by hundreds of young people:

Why?

Why? is a constant companion when you take kids outside and start chatting about what you encounter. Adults somehow grow out of asking this question incessantly. If I sat at a meeting and asked, "Why?" as many times as a five-year-old does in 30 minutes, I might not have job anymore. We're adults, we are "supposed" to have more answers at this point, right? And it's either annoying, or embarrassing to keep asking, "Why? Why? Why?" And yet, innovation leaders like Google and Boeing lament the dearth of creative thinkers in the job gene pool-- but it's really no wonder, when you consider the weight we place on adult expertise and knowing.

Turns out true expertise is founded on an ability to keep asking questions and pushing to discover new, better ways to do stuff. The cure for smallpox, Netflix, refrigeration, the light bulb, the Model T and the Ford Foundation-- they all come to us courtesy of people who couldn't stop wondering, Why? Maybe innovators are people who listen and look even after they hear this answer:  "Because."



Any frustrated parent will sheepishly admit that "Because I said so," might be an answer, but it never tells the whole story. If you were really going to try to answer the question, "Why do I have to make my bed?" you'd have to unpack a whole bunch of stuff about teaching responsibility and order and how you had to do it, and somewhere in there you'd wonder:  Why do we make beds? And pretty soon, you're feeling like it's time to lay down on a couch and start telling someone all about your mother, who, suddenly, you seem to have become. And that leads to some very heavy thinking about how that happened. Pretty soon you've joined a long chain of parents throughout history, passing on traits, habits, values...you could write a book on this actually, and many have.



You'll notice that a question only gets beautiful--more interesting--if you invite it to. If you shut the door--"Because I said so"--instead of opening it, you stop that evolution. Thankfully, kids still haven't grown out of this Why? habit. A kid can be a dog with a bone when it comes to the Why? Here is a conversation I once had with my own daughter:

"Why is the mouse dead?"
"I think it ate the poison."
"How do you know?"
"Well, your dad put poison in the attic."
"Why?"
"To kill the mice."
"The mouse is so cute. Why did dad want to kill that mouse?"
"That mouse is cute, but we have too many mice in the house."
"Why?"
"Maybe they want to keep warm."
"Why can't we keep them warm?"
"It's not good to have mice in your house. Mice should stay outside."
"Why?"
"Because they carry diseases, and eat the electric wiring."
"Why?"
"They can get sick like people and I think they like to chew on things because their teeth keep growing, it's an instinct."
"If I get sick, I don't have to go outside. Will my teeth keep growing? Why don't I have an instinct to chew?"
"Well, you used to have an instinct to chew everything, when your teeth were first coming through your gums. You were teething, you tried to chew on everything-- even your books."
"Ew! Why do people's teeth have to come through their gums?"
"I think your teeth grow out of your jaw, the bone makes more bone maybe."
"Are you sure?"
"No."
"Do mice teeth grow through their gums first?"
"I don't know."
"Who knows?"
"Maybe people who study mice?"
"The mice know!"
"The mice must know."
"What do mice know?"
"Probably a lot."
"But they don't know what poison is!"
"That's true."
"Why not?"
"Maybe they can't smell it."
"They should just stay outside."
"They should."
"But then the owl will eat them."
"Maybe."
"If the owl eats 'em, will he die?"
"Why?"
"Does poison kill owls too?"



Of course the answer is, "Yes," which is why my husband and I stopped killing mice with poison. And a quick Google revealed that lots of studies have been conducted to chart the travels of rodent poison in the ecosystem-- turns out it can travel from my attic all the way to the Mississippi River and out into the Gulf of Mexico where it keeps killing other stuff. And my four-year-old arrived at the same hypothesis that teams of grown-up scientists were chasing. Beautiful questions, it seems, can lead to real change-- like me keeping poison out of the ocean.

So, Get Out, and keep asking questions. Start with one, and follow it. If you're heading out with young people, make a plan to "map" a question, any question.

• When you're outside, jot your questions down and keep talking.
• After some conversation and lots of wondering, settle down down somewhere, and see if you can visually map where that question takes you. 
• A big 'ol peice of paper will be grand for this, especially if you want everyone to pitch in and collaborate. Also, consider the mind-body benefits of such an activity:  when kids lay on their bellies or have to get up and move around a space to draw, and to contribute to a really big drawing, they are doing terrific things for their coordination, self-regulation and even strengthening the synapses in their brains! This activity requires some complex cognition, and social/emotional work with peers.
• In the mouse example above, you would start with the mouse in the attic...and keep going, right out to the Gulf.
• I think you'll find that mapping a question makes hypothetical thinking visible. If...then thinking is not only the key to thinking mathematically or parsing the plot of a story, it is a way to think creatively, to innovate! You may even notice that mapping one question leads to many hypotheses.

If you are not wandering and wondering with kids, try following one of your own questions as far as you can. This activity is guided daydreaming, and research suggests that daydreaming benefits you and your brain, providing you with some time to shake the shackles of executive function, ultimately improving your cognitive function when it's time to focus again. So wander, and wonder-- it's good for you!

Challenge to Respond

Reacting v. Responding.


I've written about this a bit before, and all of us are faced with the choice to react or respond many, many times each day. It's just life.

For some kids, daily life includes gigantic, tough issues. Violence, trauma, poverty. These are local and global issues, and for too many young people they are very personal issues. Adults who work alongside kids who grapple and wrestle with these issues know that their own choices--reactions or responses--can have big impacts on these kids.



Yesterday, I had the privilege of attending the University of Minnesota's SEL Symposium on the SEL Challenge. Eight expert youth serving organizations across the country teamed-up to embark on two years of research, with the help of the Weikart Center and the Susan Crown Exchange, Together, they took a long, hard look at why and how their programs achieve such positive outcomes for kids. One of our excellent veteran local youth serving organizations, Voyageur Outward Bound School, participated in this process. VOBS participation really highlights the power and potentially deep impact of nature-based youth development, but each of the eight organizations brings a very different perspective and approach to the table.  Here's a list of the outfits involved:

Voyageur Outward Bound School
Wyman
Philadelphia Wooden Boat Factory
AHA!  Attitude, Harmony, Achievement
YWCA Boston
Youth on Board
The Possibility Project
Boys and Girls Club of Greater Milwaukee



Paul Griffin, President of The Possibility Project, was on the panel at the symposium yesterday. TPP meets kids where they are at through theater production, with kids managing every facet of producing a show-- teens even do the hiring of all professionals involved. It's rewarding, but very hard, very focused work, and the kids involved have hard lives-- harder than many. Griffin said something yesterday that goes straight to the heart of best practises in youth development:

"We practice being aware of the moment when it arrives. 
A fight is an opportunity. 
Struggle is an opportunity."



So the kids are the curriculum. And the people working with the kids have to respond to trauma and violence, for instance. If they react, they shut down the opportunity, they close the door on growth. Griffin shared the story of a young woman whose practice was to fight-- she spent a lot of time reacting to stuff, fighting. She and another kid on the production team didn't get along and the adults and the kids could see something brewing. One day, during a team retreat, she and this peer had a big physical fight, a real blowout. Adults and kids broke up the fight and the girl had an opportunity to find her own space, but she wasn't excluded or banished. She stayed in that space and cried for an entire day.

This kid had never cried after a fight before. She had never cared about fighting with someone, never cared about hurting someone, until that day. "Good," said Griffin, "now we have something to work on." If the kid was exiled from the program, or some other strong, swift punitive measure was taken, she wouldn't be there to do the work of changing, to grow empathy, and the youth workers wouldn't have the opportunity to support her growth. To respond is to walk a fine line. Support safety and care of the group, but open the door, instead of slamming it, when the sh** hits the fan. Responding communicates care and inclusion to the larger group as well. Reaction communicates that old top down, authoritarian message and more to the point, it just stops growth cold.

"We say, 'no help, no fix, no save,' and that means that we don't do for our young people if they can do for themselves, and they can typically do a lot more than most people anticipate or are wiling to expect from them."  --Paul Griffin, Founder & President of The Possibility Project

For more information on the brain science of responding, check out this link to Stanford research on the topics of compassion, and empathy.